Measurement of area of cross sectional MEASUREMENT OF AREA OF CROSS-SECTION In the case of canals there is no difficulty in measuring the cross-sectional area. Canals are always of some regular shape whose area can be found out by any geometrical formula. But in case of natural streams and rivers, ...
Selection of site for dam SELECTION OF SITE FOR DAM Following points should be considered while selecting the site for the dam. Suitable foundation for the dam should be available. The width of the river at dam site should be minimum so as to keep the length of the dam minimum and thus economical. ...
Cut-off walls CUT-OFF WALLS Cut-off wall is a device use to reduce or prevent the seepage of water through the pervious foundation. It is always provid below the upper surface of the foundation. If the cut-off wall extends through the foundation to impervious material below, it is called complete c...
Introduction of Gravity Dams INTRODUCTION Gravity dam is such a dam, which resists all the forces acting on it, with the help of its own weight. This dam is considered as one of the most permanent dams. It requires very little maintenance. This is the most common type of dam, both for low heights a...
Slope Protection of Earth Dam SLOPE PROTECTION OF THE DAM For the success of the earth dam, its U/S and D/S slopes have to be properly maintained. U/S slopes have to be protected against wave action, and sudden draw down conditions whereas D/S slopes against heavy down pours, and action of burrowin...